Antonello Provenzale

Born in 1958. Doctorate in Physics in 1987.
Research Director, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,
National Research Council, Torino, Italy
Affiliations:
ISAC: Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, CNR, Torino,
GFD Core Faculty Group, WHOI http://gfd.whoi.edu/
email: a.provenzale@isac.cnr.it
Research activity: Earth System processes and climate dynamics
Climate
change and the mountain environment

My interest is on the effects of climatic and environmental variability on the mountain environment,
using data-based approaches, conceptual models and climate change impact models. Most of
these activities are part of the Project of strategic interest NextData, of the Italian Ministry of
University, Education and Research (MIUR), http://www.nextdataproject.it. In particular, I focus on
1. Hydrological cycle in mountain regions
My interest is on the properties of precipitation in high-altitude areas, the dynamics of snow cover,
the response of mountain glaciers to climate variability, and the impact of climate change on
water resources. Approaches include both empirical models and physically-based glacier and
snow models. Climate change scenarios are obtained from the global climate model EC-Earth
(http://ecearth.knmi.nl/ and www.to.isac.cnr.it/ecearth/), run at ISAC-CNR,
and from non-hydrostatic atmospheric models. Areas of interest are the Alpine region and the
Indu-Kush – Himalaya – Karakoram (HKKH) area, where we study the interaction between
the Indian monsoon and midlatitude western weather patterns. We have developed and
implemented stochastic downscaling methods for the precipitation estimates produced
by global and regional climate models. Many of these activities are pursued in the framework
of a research collaboration between ISAC and the Ev-K2-CNR Committee (Italy),
www.evk2cnr.org, also in the framework of the Ev-K2-CNR SHARE project PAPRIKA
Karakoram devoted to assessing the state of the cryosphere and of water resources in the
Karakoram range. I participate in the activities of the European Climate Research Alliance
(ECRA), coordinating the Collaborative Programme Changes in the hydrological cycle"
http://ecra-climate.eu/index.php/collaborative-programmes/hydrocycle and I am a member of
the "Comitato Glaciologico Italiano (CGI)", http://www.glaciologia.it/.
Part of the research activities described
here are included in the national 2010 PRIN project
Innovative methods for water resources management and
risk assessment under uncertainty.

2. Mountain ecosystems
My interest is on the impact of climate change on the population dynamics of selected
species (ungulates such as the Alpine ibex and chamois, birds such as Black Grouse
and Ptarmigan), the dynamics of mountain ecosystems such as high-altitude alpine
lakes, and the study of mountain biodiversity and its response to climate change.
Many of these activities are pursued in the framework of a long-standing research
collaboration between ISAC and the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy), www.pngp.it.
Some of these research activities are carried on in the framework of the EU FP7 project
ACQWA, http://www.acqwa.ch, of EU-funded Interreg projects managed by ARPA
Piemonte, and of the Interreg ALCOTRA Program,
http://www.regione.piemonte.it/agri/osserv_faun/documentazione/dwd/prog_ricerca/desc_tec.pdf.

Ecosystem dynamics and climate-biosphere
interactions

Living organisms are affected by the physical environment and by climate, and, in turn, modify them,
possibly leading to the coevolution of the physical and biotic world. My research activities concern
the role of vegetation and soil moisture in determining evapotranspiration fluxes and mitigating summer
droughts at continental midlatitudes, the dynamics of the soil-vegetation system in arid and semi-arid
regions using both implicit-space and explicit-space approaches, the role of ecosystem engineers, and the
use of a hierarchy of climate models with different complexity (from Energy Balance Models to EC-Earth)
to study basic processes in climate-biosphere dynamics and planetary habitability. I am involved in the
European COST Action ES0805: TERRABITES - The Terrestrial Biosphere in the Earth System,
http://www.terrabites.net/. Parallel to these activities, I am also involved in data analysis and empirical
modelling of ecosystem dynamics and population dynamics.
I participate in the activities of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), coordinating
the Ecosystems Task, http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml.

Geophysical fluid dynamics and climate processes

In past years, I have studied turbulence and coherent vortices in rotating geophysical flows,
and the effects they have on transport processes. Currently, I am interested in the basic fluid
dynamical processes of climate variability, including transport of heat and water vapor in the
atmosphere, climate predictability, the global hydrological cycle and long-term paleoclimatic
simulations. To this end, we use conceptual models (eg, 1-D EBM), simplified global climate
models such as the Planet Simulator,
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/Planet-Simulator.216.0.html?&L=3, and the global climate
model EC-Earth, http://www.to.isac.cnr.it/ecearth.

Parallel to research activities, this group is involved in dissemination and outreach actions
including writing popular science articles, contributing to public exhibitions and participating
in the realisation of scientific documentaries. The documentary
Going North: Global warming escape route by Eugenio Manghi (2008)
is devoted to the effects of climate change on the distribution of plants and animals and
to the role of biological corridors. A 20-min version of this documentary is available for
CNR-related events. A 15-min documentary on the population dynamics of the
Black Grouse in the western Alps is also available. A picture exhibition with 60 images on
biodiversity in alpine prairies in the western Alps is available for display.
Popular articles and a booklet on climate dynamics are available (in Italian).
The volume Che cosa il Global Warming? (in Italian), for mid-school students,
was published in 2011 and it is now being translated into English for distribution
in mountain schools of northern Pakistan and Nepal.
1994-2008: Coordinator of the international school
on Fundamental processes in geophysical fluid dynamics and the climate system
held every summer in Valsavarenche (Val d Aosta), www.to.isac.cnr.it/aosta
Lecturer in Atmospheric Dynamics from 2002 to 2008,
Laurea Magistrale in Environmental Engineering of the University of Genoa,
Savona Campus. Lecturer in Physics of Climate from 2006 to 2009, Laurea
in Physics, University of Turin. Lecturer in Physics of Extended Systems
from 2009, Laurea Specialistica in Physics of Complex Systems,
University of Turin.
Member of the Doctorate Program on Fluid Dynamics at the Politecnico di Torino
and of the Doctorate Program in Physics at the University of Torino.
Invited professor at the Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel (1996),
JILA-Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics,
University of Colorado, Boulder, MA, USA (1997),
GFD-WHOI principal lecturer, Woods Hole, MA, USA (1998),
Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France (2006), Universite Paris VI (2008, 2009).
Collaborations:
Most of my work is done in collaboration with students, colleagues
and friends in many parts of the world. To all of them I am grateful.
Main collaborations:
Jost von Hardenberg, ISAC-CNR, Torino, Italy
Elisa Palazzi, ISAC-CNR, Torino, Italy
Paolo Bonasoni, Paolo Cristofanelli, Angela Marinoni, ISAC-CNR, Bologna, Italy
Vincenzo Artale, Sandro Calmanti, Paolo Ruti, ENEA UTMEA, Roma, Italy
Bruno Bassano, Achaz von Hardenberg, Ramona Viterbi, Rocco Tiberti, PNGP, Italy
Marta Chiarle, IRPI-CNR, Torino, Italy
Stefano Ferraris, University of Turin, Italy
Renata Pelosini, Christian Ronchi, Riccardo Bonanno, ARPA Piemonte, Torino, Italy
Filippo Giorgi, ICTP, Trieste, Italy
Paola Mercogliano, Marco Turco, CIRA-CMCC, Capua, Italy
Giuseppe Murante, Laura Silva, Giovanni Vladilo, Oss. Astron. di Trieste, Italy
Antonio Parodi, CIMA Foundation, Savona, Italy
Francesco Paparella, University of Salento, Italy
Claudia Pasquero, University of Milan Bicocca, Italy
Alfonso Sutera, University of Rome, Italy
Elisa Vuillermoz, URT EvK2-CNR, Bergamo, Italy
Fabio D Andrea, LMD, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France
Maurice Rossi, CNRS, Paris, France
Mara Baudena, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Klaus Fraedrich, University of Hamburg, Germany
Fabio Cresto Aleina, University of Hamburg, Germany
Maria del Carmen Llasat, University of Barcelona, Spain
Ehud Meron, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
Neil J. Balmforth, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Adnan Tahir, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Annalisa Bracco, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Edward A Spiegel, Astronomy Dept., Columbia University, New York, USA
Jeffrey B. Weiss, PAOS, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Graduate students (updated 2012):
Donatella D Onofrio, University of Torino
Luca Filippi, University of Torino
Roberta Sciascia, Politecnico of Torino
Postdoctoral associates (updated 2012):
Cristiana Cerrato, ISAC-CNR, Torino
Letizia Congedi, ISAC-CNR, Torino
Paolo Davini, ISAC-CNR, Torino
Simona Imperio, ISAC-CNR, Torino
Alexandre Pieri, ISAC-CNR, Torino
Silvia Terzago, ISAC-CNR, Torino
Publications (from 2000):
Books:
J.B. Weiss, A. Provenzale, Editors, Transport and Mixing in Geophysical Flows,
Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2008)
N.J. Balmforth, A.
Provenzale, Editors, Geomorphological Fluid Mechanics,
Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2001)
Scientific papers (from 2000):
1
F. Cresto
Aleina, M. Baudena, F. D Andrea, A. Provenzale
Multiple
equilibria on planet Dune:Climate-vegetation dynamics
on a sandy planet
Tellus B, in press (2013)
E. Palazzi, J.
von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Precipitation in the Hindu-Kush Karakoram
Himalaya: observations and future scenarios
J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres, in press (2013)
M. Baudena, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Vegetation patterns and soil-atmosphere water fluxes in drylands
Advances Water Resources, in press (2013)
R. Viterbi, C.
Cerrato, B. Bassano, R. Bionda, A. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale,
G. Bogliani
Patterns of biodiversity in the northwestern
Italian Alps: a multi-taxa approach
Community Ecology, in press (2013)
R. Sciascia, S.
DeMonte, A. Provenzale
Physics of
sinking and selection of plankton cell size
Physics Letters A, in press
(2013)
U. Magnea, R. Sciascia, F. Paparella, R. Tiberti, A. Provenzale
A model for high-altitude alpine lake ecosystems and the effect of
introduced fish
Ecological
Modelling, in press (2013)
A. Mignatti, R. Casagrandi, A. von
Hardenberg, M. Gatto, A. Provenzale
Sex- and age-structured
models for Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex population dynamics
Wildlife
Biology, 18, 318-332 (2012)
M. Turco, M. Carmen Llasat, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Impact of climate
variability on summer fires in a Mediterranean environment
(northeastern Iberian peninsula)
Climatic
Change, DOI 10.1007/s10584-012-0505-6
(2012)
S. Imperio, S. Focardi, G.
Santini, A. Provenzale
Population dynamics in a
guild of four Mediterranean ungulates:
density-dependence, environmental effects and inter-specific interactions
Oikos, 121, 1613-1626 (2012)
J. von Hardenberg, L. Vozella, C.
Tomasi, V. Vitale, A. Lupi,
M. Mazzola, TPC van Noije, A.
Strunk, A. Provenzale
Aerosol optical depth over the Arctic: a comparison
of ECHAM-HAM and
TM5 with ground-based, satellite
and reanalysis data
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 6953-6967 (2012)
M. Baudena, I. Bevilacqua, D.
Canone, S. Ferraris, M. Previati, A. Provenzale
Soil
water dynamics at a midlatitude test site: Field
measurements and box modeling
approaches. J. Hydrology, 414, 329-340 (2012)
M. Berlengiero, KA Emanuel, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, EA Spiegel
Internally
cooled convection: A fillip for Philip
Comm. Nonlin. Sci. Numerical Sim., 17, 1998-2007 (2012)
E. Casella, A. Molcard, A. Provenzale
Mesoscale vortices in the Ligurian Sea and their effect on coastal upwelling processes
J. Marine Systems, 88, 12-19
(2011)
M. Rietkerk, V. Brovkin, PM van Bodegom, M. Claussen, SC Dekker, HA Dikstra, SV Goryachkin,
P. Kabat, EH van Nes, AM Neutel, SE Nicholson, C. Nobre, V. Petoukhov, A. Provenzale,
M. Scheffer, SI Seneviratne, Local ecosystem feedbacks and critical transitions in the climate,
Ecological Complexity, 8, 223-228 (2011)
N. Saino, R. Ambrosini, D. Rubolini, J.
von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, K. Huppop, O. Huppop,
A. Lehikoinen, K. Rainio, M. Romano, L. Sokolov
Climate warming, ecological mismatch at arrival and population decline in migratory birds,
Proceedings of the Royal Soc. B: Biological Sciences, 278, 835-842 (2011)
N. Saino, D. Rubolini, J. von Hardenberg, R. Ambrosini, A. Provenzale, M. Romano, F. Spina
Spring migration decisions in relation to weather are
predicted by wing morphology among
trans-Mediterranean migratory birds, Functional
Ecology, 24, 658-669 (2010)
M. Baudena, F. DAndrea, A. Provenzale
An idealized model for tree-grass coexistence in
savannas: the role of life stage structure
and fire disturbances, Journal of Ecology, 98, 74-80 (2010)
S. Metta, A. Provenzale, E.A Spiegel
On-off intermittency and coherent bursting in stochastically-driven coupled maps,
Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 43, 8-14 (2010)
L. Zavala Sanson, A. Provenzale
The effects of abrupt topography on plankton dynamics,
Theoretical Population Dynamics, 76, 258-267 (2009)
S. Metta, J. von Hardenberg, L. Ferraris, N. Rebora, A. Provenzale
Precipitation Nowcasting by a Spectral-based Nonlinear Stochastic Model,
J. Hydrometeorology, 10, 1285-1297 (2009)
I.Koszalka, A. Bracco, J.C. McWilliams, A Provenzale
Dynamics of wind-forced coherent anticyclones in the open ocean,
J. Geophysical Research - Oceans, 114, C08011 (2009)
M. Baudena, F. D Andrea, A. Provenzale
A model for soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions in water-limited ecosystems,
Water Resources Research, 45, W02701 (2009)
A.Y. Kletter, J. von Hardenberg, E. Meron, A. Provenzale
Patterned vegetation and rainfall intermittency,
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 256, 574-583 (2009)
M. Baudena, A. Provenzale
Rainfall intermittency and vegetation feedbacks in drylands,
Hydrology and Earth System Sci., 12, 679-689 (2008)
N.J. Balmforth, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, R. Zammett
Dam breaking by wave-induced erosional incision,
J. Geophysical Research - Earth Surface, 113, F01020 (2008)
J. von Hardenberg, A.Parodi, G. Passoni, A. Provenzale, E.A Spiegel
Large-scale patterns in Rayleigh-Benard convection,
Physics Letters A, 372, 2223-2229 (2008)
E. Brussolo, J. von Hardenberg, L. Ferraris, N. Rebora, A. Provenzale
Verification of quantitative precipitation forecasts via stochastic downscaling,
J. Hydrometeorology, 9, 1084-1094 (2008)
N. Ciccarelli, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, C. Ronchi, A. Vargiu, R. Pelosini
Climate variability in north-western Italy during the second half of the 20th century,
Global and Planetary Change, 63, 185-195 (2008)
A. Provenzale, A. Babiano, A. Bracco, C. Pasquero, J.B. Weiss
Coherent vortices and tracer transport,
in Transport and Mixing in Geophysical Flows, J.B. Weiss and A. Provenzale Eds.,
Springer, Berlin (2008)
A. Babiano, A. Provenzale
Coherent vortices and tracer cascades in two-dimensional turbulence,
J. Fluid Mechanics, 574, 429-448 (2007)
Vegetation response to rainfall intermittency in drylands: Results from a simple ecohydrological box model,
Advances in Water Resources, 30, 1320-1328 (2007)
S. Gabellani, G. Boni, L. Ferraris, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Propagation of uncertainty from rainfall to runoff: A case study with a stochastic rainfall generator,
Advances in Water Resources, 30, 2061-2071 (2007)
E. Gilad, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, M. Shachak, E. Meron
A mathematical model of plants as ecosystem engineers,
J. Theoretical Biology, 244, 680-691 (2007)
E. Meron, E. Gilad, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, M. Shachak
Model studies of ecosystem engineers in plant communities,
in Ecosystem Engineers: Plants to Protists,
K. Cuddington, J.E. Byers, W.G. Wilson and A. Hastings Eds., Academic Press, Amsterdam (2007)
J. von Hardenberg, L. Ferraris, N. Rebora, A. Provenzale
Meteorological uncertainty and rainfall downscaling,
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 14, 193-199 (2007)
I. Koszalka, A. Bracco, C. Pasquero, A. Provenzale
Plankton cycles disguised by turbulent advection,
Theoretical Population Biology, 72, 1-6 (2007)
S. Calmanti, L. Motta, M. Turco, A. Provenzale
Impact of climate variability on Alpine glaciers in northwestern Italy,
International J. Climatology, 27, 2041-2053 (2007)
F. D Andrea, A. Provenzale, R. Vautard, N. de Noblet-Decoudre
Hot and cool summers: Multiple equilibria of the continental water cycle,
Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L24807 (2006)
N. Rebora, L. Ferraris, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
RainFARM: Rainfall downscaling by a filtered autoregressive model,
J. Hydrometeorology, 7, 724-738 (2006)
N. Rebora, L. Ferraris, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Rainfall downscaling and flood forecasting: a case study in the Mediterranean area,
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sci., 6, 611-619 (2006)
D. Elhmaidi, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Large-scale dissipation and filament instability in two-dimensional turbulence,
Physical Review Letters, 95, 014503 (2005)
C. Pasquero, A. Bracco, A. Provenzale
Impact of the spatiotemporal variability of the nutrient flux on primary productivity in the ocean,
J. Geophysical Research, 110, C07005 (2005)
A. Bracco, J. von Hardenberg, J.C.
McWilliams, A. Provenzale, J.B. Weiss
Dispersion and mixing in
quasigeostrophic turbulence,
Physical Review Letters, 92, 084501 (2004)
A. Parodi, J. von Hardenberg, G.
Passoni, A. Provenzale, E.A. Spiegel
Clustering of plumes in turbulent
convection,
Physical Review Letters, 92, 194503 (2004)
A.R. Jacobson, A. Provenzale, A. von Hardenberg, B. Bassano, M. Festa-Bianchet
Climate forcing and density dependence in a mountain ungulate population
Ecology, 85, 1598-1610 (2004)
H. Yizhaq, N.J. Balmforth, A. Provenzale
Blown by wind: Nonlinear dynamics of aeolian sand ripples
Physica D, 195, 207-228 (2004)
E. Gilad, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale, M. Shachak, E. Meron
Ecosystem engineers: From pattern formation to habitat creation
Physical Review Letters, 93, 098105 (2004)
D. Elhmaidi, T. Lili, A. Provenzale, A. Babiano
Stability of two-dimensional vorticity filaments
Physics Letters A, 333, 85-90 (2004)
A. Bracco, E.P. Chassignet, Z.D.
Garraffo, A. Provenzale
Lagrangian velocity distribution in
a high-resolution numerical simulation of the North Atlantic
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 20, 1212-1220 (2003)
A. Parodi, K.A. Emanuel, A. Provenzale
Plume patterns in
radiative-convective flows
New Journal of Physics 5, 106.1-106.17 (2003)
C. Pasquero, A. Provenzale, E.A. Spiegel
Suspension and fall of heavy
particles in random two-dimensional flow
Physical Review Letters 91, 054502 (2003)
L. Ferraris, S. Gabellani, U. Parodi, N. Rebora, J. von Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Revisting multifractality in
rainfall fields
Journal of Hydrometeorology 4, 544-551 (2003)
L. Ferraris, S. Gabellani, N. Rebora, A. Provenzale
A comparison of stochastic models
for spatial rainfall downscaling
Water Resources Research, 39, 10.1029/2003WR002504
(2003)
J. von Hardenberg, L. Ferraris, A.
Provenzale
The shape of convective rain cells
Geophysical Research Letters, 30,
10.1029/2003GL018539 (2003)
C. Pasquero, A. Provenzale, J.B. Weiss
Vortex statistics from Eulerian and
Lagrangian time series
Physical Review Letters 89, 284501 (2002)
A.P. Martin, K.J. Richards, A.
Bracco, A. Provenzale
Patchy productivity in the open
ocean
Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16,
1025 (2002)
M. Baer, J. von Hardenberg, E. Meron, A.
Provenzale
Modelling the survival of bacteria
in drylands: The advantage of being dormant
Proceedings of the Royal Society B 269,
937-942 (2002)
C. Toniolo, A. Provenzale, E.A. Spiegel
Signature of on-off intermittency in
measured signals
Physical Review E 66, 066209 (2002)
D. Anfossi, C. Cappa, J. von
Hardenberg, A. Provenzale
Statistical analysis of three series
of daily rainfall in North-Western Italy
Nuovo Cimento 25 C, 99-121 (2002)
N.J. Balmforth, A. Provenzale, R. Sassi
A hierarchy of coupled maps
CHAOS 12, 719-731 (2002)
A. Longhetto, L. Montabone, A. Provenzale, H. Didelle, C. Giraud, D. Bertoni, R. Forza,
B.
Coherent
vortices in rotating flows: A laboratory view
Nuovo Cimento 25 C, 233-249 (2002)
C. Pasquero, A. Provenzale, A. Babiano
Parameterization of dispersion in
two-dimensional turbulence
Journal of Fluid Mechanics 439, 279-303 (2001)
N.J. Balmforth, A. Provenzale, J.A.
Whitehead
The language of pattern and form
in Geomorphological
Fluid Mechanics, edited by N.J.Balmforth and A. Provenzale,
Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2001)
N.J. Balmforth, A. Provenzale
Patterns of dirt
in Geomorphological
Fluid Mechanics, edited by N.J.Balmforth and A. Provenzale,
Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2001)
A. Babiano, J.H.E. Cartwright, O. Piro, A. Provenzale
Dynamics of a small neutrally
buoyant sphere in a fluid and targeting in Hamiltonian systems,
Physical Review Letters 84, 5764-5767 (2000)
A. Bracco, A. Provenzale, I. Scheuring
Mesoscale vortices and the paradox
of the plankton
Proceedings of the Royal Society B 267,
1795-1800 (2000)
J. von Hardenberg, J.C. McWilliams, A. Provenzale, A. Shchepetkin, J.B. Weiss
Vortex
merging in quasi-geostrophic flows
Journal of Fluid Mechanics 412, 331-353 (2000)
A. Bracco, J. LaCasce, C. Pasquero, A. Provenzale
The velocity distribution of
barotropic turbulence
Physics of Fluids 12, 2478-2488 (2000)
A. Bracco, J.C. McWilliams, G. Murante, A. Provenzale, J.B. Weiss
Revisiting freely-decaying
two-dimensional turbulence at millennial resolution
Physics of Fluids 12, 2931-2941 (2000)
A. Bracco, J. LaCasce, A. Provenzale
Velocity probability density
functions for oceanic floats
Journal of Physical Oceanography 30,
461 (2000)
J. von Hardenberg, K. Fraedrich, F.
Lunkeit, A. Provenzale
Transient chaotic mixing during a
baroclinic life cycle
CHAOS 10, 122-134 (2000)
J. von Hardenberg, R. Thieberger, A.
Provenzale
A box-counting red herring
Physics Letters A 269, 303-308 (2000)
N.J. Balmforth, C. Pasquero, A. Provenzale
The Lorenz-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam experiment
Physica
D 138, 1-43 (2000)